Metalworking provides an invaluable role in the maintenance, repair and manufacture of numerous railway applications, including track, wheels and wagon parts.
With a year on year increase of 2.6 per cent, the railway industry is enjoying sustainable growth and expected to be worth more than 180billion EUROS by 2020. An increasing demand for passenger and freight rail services is seeing a rapid growth in infrastructure investment around the world.
Global tooling manufacturer Dormer Pramet has, for many years, supported the railway segment with a wide range of cutting tools for both production and maintenance.
Tomáš Hantek is International Application Manager for Railway at Dormer Pramet, whose customers range from state owned companies to private rail operators. To provide a greater insight, Tomáš investigates the different applications cutting tools can support, such as the machining of rail switches and profiles, wheel sets, base plates and coupling mechanisms.
Rail Switches and Profiles
An important element in any rail infrastructure is the machining of rail switches and crossings – the moveable sections that guide trains from one track to another. They have an especially limited lifespan which can vary depending on numerous conditions, such as level of usage and surrounding environment.
A railroad switch, for example, created from new material has a standard guarantee of five years. If the switch is made from an applied material or has gone through a process of regeneration or necessary treatment (rubbing down, parts exchange etc.), this lowers its guarantee time to two years.
To ensure reliability and safety of the switches, they must be updated regularly to remain fully operational. However, this alone is a huge undertaking. In the Czech Republic, for example, which has one of the most extensive rail networks in Europe with 9,000km of track and more than 25,000 switches.
Dormer Pramet work with many leading manufacturers to offer both standard and custom tools to produce new railway switches, as well as the renovation of existing ones.
Tools for other switch parts (such as sliding chairs and switch rods) offer several advantages including durability, insert edge stability, shape precision and a rigid solution.
Dormer Pramet’s assortment encompasses train and tram switches for all major rail profiles. The 60E1 and 60E2 rail profiles, for example, are the most common, especially in Europe. The type T section rail (flat bottom rails) is suitable for medium and heavy load traffic.
Wheel set machining
In new wheel set machining, most parts are manufactured from forged pieces. A major focus is that tools maximize process reliability and support a high-quality finish.
The production of new wheels, particularly roughing and finishing operations, can be completed with Dormer Pramet’s standard assortment of RCMX inserts. Numerous sizes, grades and chip breakers provide options for every workpiece material and cutting condition.
As well as the manufacture of new wheels, there is a continuous need for wheel reprofiling through a wide assortment of machining centers from various manufacturers.
Dormer Pramet’s range of holders are suitable for some of the market leading manufacturers, including Hegenscheidt and Rafamet machines. Since 1950, Hegenscheidt-MFD has installed more than 2,000 wheelset reprofiling machines around the world.
Both companies use special-purpose wheel lathes for railways, metro, tram, and other light-rail transit systems, along with heavy-duty single and double-column vertical turning lathes, large bridge-type milling machines, horizontal lathes and special machines.
Dormer Pramet’s historical cooperation with machine producers and rail repair services has enabled the company to develop a wide range of standard and custom solutions for increasing productivity and reducing costs typically associated with these processes.
This means that the renovation of railway and tramway wheels can be achieved with their standard assortment of inserts (LNMX, SNMX, CNMX), grades and chip breakers. Also, it offers a range of cartridges with pocket protection, allowing for a comprehensive and versatile solution for depth of cuts between 1.0-16.0mm.
A Dormer Pramet customer in Ukraine, for example, required support with the re-profiling of railway wheels made of steel with a high hardness of 450 – 615HB. The LNMX30 insert with RF chip breaker and T9315 grade achieved a high level of durability and was significantly more productive than an equivalent supplier, machining 12 wheels compared to the competitor’s five.
Another success was with a specific machine builder for wheel set reprofiling in Poland. The customer wanted to resolve a chip breaking issue when machining hardened steel 800 – 900mpa. Once again, the LNMX30 insert was used, this time with the TF chip breaker and T5315 grade. This combination achieved 50 per cent longer tool life compared to competitors, but also significantly improved chip breaking on the perpendicular surface.
Dormer Pramet’s T5315 grade is a versatile option designed for turning grey and ductile cast iron, as well as various steels, including hardened steel. It is suitable for roughing and finishing with medium to high cutting speeds and capable of both continuous and interrupted cut. This makes it a very versatile option in challenging machining conditions.
Base plates and coupling machining
Another area of activity is the machining of bearing or base plates – the connecting element which ensures the rail is attached to the railway tie or sleeper. This operation requires profile milling of this part where customers demand high productivity, while at the same time, respecting specific production limitations and materials. Milling cutters and drills are ideally suited to base plates production.
Finally, a coupling or coupler is a mechanism for connecting rolling stock to a train. The design of the coupler is standard, and almost as important as the track gauge. It needs to offer flexibility and convenience for all rolling stock to be coupled together. The equipment that connects the couplings to the rolling stock is known as the draft gear or draw gear.
The manufacture of couplers is an example of the type of niche cutting tools available to wagon producers from Dormer Pramet. Its many years of experience has resulted in various levels of support for the manufacture of axle boxes, center plates, bogie frames and fenders.
Dormer Pramet’s approach to systematically work in partnership with producers of these parts has allowed them to further refine and develop their cutting tool offer.
For more information on Dormer Pramet’s capabilities for the railway industry, click here to watch the video, visit www.dormerpramet.com or contact your local Dormer Pramet sales office.
